Calculation of 2 to the power 17398 modulo 17399 keep squaring and reducing modulo | keep dividing 17399 as needed | by two, dropping ----------------------------------------| remainder, but square | square mod | marking odd expo- | 17399 | nents where remainder | was dropped --------------------------------------------------------------- 2 | 17398 | 4 4 | 8699 * | 16 16 | 4349 * | 256 256 | 2174 | 65536 13339 | 1087 * | 177928921 6747 | 543 * | 45522009 6225 | 271 * | 38750625 3052 | 135 * | 9314704 6239 | 67 * | 38925121 3558 | 33 * | 12659364 10291 | 16 | 105904681 14367 | 8 | 206410689 6352 | 4 | 40347904 17022 | 2 | 289748484 2937 | 1 * | 8625969 13464 | 0 What does the table mean, written out? 17398 8699 8699 2174 2 congruent 4 congruent 4 * 16 congruent 4 * 16 * 256 1087 543 congruent 4 * 16 * 13339 congruent 4 * 16 * 13339 * 6747 etc ... congruent 4 * 16 * 13339 * 6747 * 6225 * 3052 * 6239 * 3558 * 2937 congruent 16518